Data & AI skills, ranked
150 skills from a fixed taxonomy, measured across 13,139 postings as of October 18, 2026.
Analytics
| # | Skill | Share of data & AI postings | Postings | Companies | Week over week | Median pay (US) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Statistics analytics | 25.7% | 3,373 | 1,449 | needs more history | $192K n=1199 | |
| 2 | A/B testing & experimentation analytics | 19.5% | 2,567 | 1,076 | needs more history | $210K n=943 |
Bi
| # | Skill | Share of data & AI postings | Postings | Companies | Week over week | Median pay (US) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tableau bi | 8.7% | 1,146 | 632 | needs more history | $148K n=400 | |
| 2 | Looker / LookML bi | 6.9% | 906 | 514 | needs more history | $163K n=338 | |
| 3 | Power BI bi | 6.7% | 885 | 473 | needs more history | $135K n=259 | |
| 4 | Excel bi | 4.5% | 593 | 322 | needs more history | $150K n=214 | |
| 5 | Metabase bi | 1.0% | 136 | 107 | needs more history | $178K n=42 | |
| 6 | Qlik bi | 0.6% | 78 | 53 | needs more history | $155K n=24 | |
| 7 | Apache Superset bi | 0.5% | 70 | 46 | needs more history | $160K n=17 | |
| 8 | ThoughtSpot bi | 0.1% | 15 | 13 | needs more history | — n=6 | |
| 9 | Sigma Computing bi | 0.1% | 9 | 9 | needs more history | — n=5 |
Cloud
| # | Skill | Share of data & AI postings | Postings | Companies | Week over week | Median pay (US) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | AWS cloud | 28.1% | 3,695 | 1,452 | needs more history | $187K n=1133 | |
| 2 | Google Cloud cloud | 17.2% | 2,258 | 931 | needs more history | $189K n=570 | |
| 3 | Azure cloud | 16.1% | 2,119 | 809 | needs more history | $170K n=545 | |
| 4 | Amazon S3 cloud | 4.2% | 547 | 357 | needs more history | $190K n=165 | |
| 5 | Azure Data Lake Storage cloud | 0.4% | 53 | 35 | needs more history | $165K n=15 |
Concept
| # | Skill | Share of data & AI postings | Postings | Companies | Week over week | Median pay (US) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Streaming / real-time concept | 18.8% | 2,476 | 1,077 | needs more history | $207K n=911 | |
| 2 | Data modeling concept | 13.2% | 1,739 | 925 | needs more history | $175K n=558 | |
| 3 | ETL / ELT concept | 11.9% | 1,569 | 823 | needs more history | $167K n=556 | |
| 4 | Data warehousing concept | 11.0% | 1,444 | 781 | needs more history | $170K n=498 | |
| 5 | Data mesh / data products concept | 7.6% | 998 | 537 | needs more history | $185K n=336 | |
| 6 | Lakehouse concept | 4.8% | 629 | 363 | needs more history | $192K n=216 | |
| 7 | Semantic layer concept | 4.2% | 553 | 382 | needs more history | $184K n=222 | |
| 8 | Data lake concept | 3.9% | 509 | 292 | needs more history | $178K n=169 | |
| 9 | FinOps / cost optimization concept | 2.4% | 311 | 193 | needs more history | $195K n=82 | |
| 10 | Change data capture concept | 1.5% | 193 | 151 | needs more history | $197K n=62 |
Database
| # | Skill | Share of data & AI postings | Postings | Companies | Week over week | Median pay (US) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | PostgreSQL database | 8.4% | 1,098 | 599 | needs more history | $186K n=381 | |
| 2 | SQL Server database | 2.7% | 360 | 190 | needs more history | $145K n=116 | |
| 3 | Redis database | 2.4% | 321 | 166 | needs more history | $225K n=82 | |
| 4 | MySQL database | 2.4% | 311 | 189 | needs more history | $188K n=75 | |
| 5 | Oracle Database database | 2.3% | 298 | 159 | needs more history | $155K n=121 | |
| 6 | MongoDB database | 2.0% | 268 | 156 | needs more history | $186K n=68 | |
| 7 | Elasticsearch / OpenSearch database | 2.0% | 265 | 170 | needs more history | $190K n=84 | |
| 8 | Neo4j / graph databases database | 1.3% | 171 | 119 | needs more history | $201K n=56 | |
| 9 | DynamoDB database | 1.0% | 132 | 90 | needs more history | $198K n=44 | |
| 10 | Cassandra database | 0.5% | 65 | 43 | needs more history | $195K n=15 | |
| 11 | DuckDB database | 0.3% | 43 | 32 | needs more history | $178K n=13 |
Format
| # | Skill | Share of data & AI postings | Postings | Companies | Week over week | Median pay (US) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Delta Lake format | 2.1% | 272 | 173 | needs more history | $185K n=88 | |
| 2 | Apache Iceberg format | 1.9% | 255 | 167 | needs more history | $193K n=98 | |
| 3 | Parquet format | 1.1% | 141 | 101 | needs more history | $191K n=47 | |
| 4 | Avro / Protobuf format | 0.3% | 40 | 33 | needs more history | $170K n=20 | |
| 5 | Apache Hudi format | 0.3% | 38 | 31 | needs more history | $179K n=10 |
Genai
| # | Skill | Share of data & AI postings | Postings | Companies | Week over week | Median pay (US) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | LLMs genai | 35.1% | 4,616 | 1,791 | needs more history | $210K n=1619 | |
| 2 | AI agents genai | 30.6% | 4,019 | 1,583 | needs more history | $208K n=1366 | |
| 3 | Generative AI genai | 13.7% | 1,797 | 720 | needs more history | $200K n=577 | |
| 4 | RAG genai | 13.5% | 1,773 | 898 | needs more history | $202K n=523 | |
| 5 | Anthropic Claude genai | 13.0% | 1,711 | 869 | needs more history | $198K n=558 | |
| 6 | Fine-tuning genai | 10.5% | 1,378 | 720 | needs more history | $228K n=463 | |
| 7 | LLM evaluation genai | 9.5% | 1,248 | 689 | needs more history | $220K n=489 | |
| 8 | Vector databases genai | 8.7% | 1,145 | 586 | needs more history | $202K n=335 | |
| 9 | OpenAI API genai | 8.7% | 1,144 | 581 | needs more history | $212K n=397 | |
| 10 | Embeddings genai | 7.9% | 1,039 | 570 | needs more history | $202K n=341 | |
| 11 | LangChain / LangGraph genai | 7.1% | 939 | 500 | needs more history | $195K n=231 | |
| 12 | Model Context Protocol genai | 6.7% | 885 | 516 | needs more history | $205K n=274 | |
| 13 | Prompt engineering genai | 6.4% | 847 | 516 | needs more history | $198K n=246 | |
| 14 | vLLM / inference serving genai | 3.9% | 511 | 300 | needs more history | $226K n=200 | |
| 15 | Google Gemini genai | 2.9% | 375 | 215 | needs more history | $186K n=116 | |
| 16 | Amazon Bedrock genai | 2.8% | 365 | 208 | needs more history | $200K n=107 | |
| 17 | LlamaIndex genai | 2.3% | 304 | 173 | needs more history | $190K n=59 | |
| 18 | Open-weight models (Llama, Mistral) genai | 1.1% | 142 | 94 | needs more history | $232K n=27 |
Governance
| # | Skill | Share of data & AI postings | Postings | Companies | Week over week | Median pay (US) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Data quality governance | 18.7% | 2,451 | 1,200 | needs more history | $175K n=813 | |
| 2 | Data catalog & lineage governance | 10.0% | 1,317 | 733 | needs more history | $189K n=476 | |
| 3 | Data governance governance | 8.7% | 1,141 | 599 | needs more history | $174K n=366 | |
| 4 | Data security governance | 8.4% | 1,106 | 587 | needs more history | $196K n=419 | |
| 5 | Privacy (GDPR/CCPA/PII) governance | 7.9% | 1,034 | 416 | needs more history | $187K n=379 | |
| 6 | Data contracts governance | 2.1% | 272 | 182 | needs more history | $195K n=118 | |
| 7 | Master data management governance | 1.5% | 200 | 117 | needs more history | $164K n=67 | |
| 8 | Unity Catalog governance | 1.1% | 144 | 91 | needs more history | $170K n=44 | |
| 9 | Data observability governance | 0.8% | 105 | 85 | needs more history | $183K n=37 |
Infra
| # | Skill | Share of data & AI postings | Postings | Companies | Week over week | Median pay (US) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | APIs / REST infra | 30.8% | 4,053 | 1,554 | needs more history | $196K n=1220 | |
| 2 | CI/CD infra | 20.0% | 2,627 | 1,178 | needs more history | $188K n=746 | |
| 3 | Git infra | 15.7% | 2,066 | 980 | needs more history | $172K n=574 | |
| 4 | Kubernetes infra | 14.9% | 1,960 | 891 | needs more history | $202K n=598 | |
| 5 | Docker / containers infra | 13.0% | 1,713 | 839 | needs more history | $190K n=500 | |
| 6 | Terraform / IaC infra | 10.2% | 1,342 | 732 | needs more history | $195K n=378 | |
| 7 | Linux infra | 3.8% | 504 | 259 | needs more history | $185K n=168 | |
| 8 | Microservices infra | 3.6% | 472 | 265 | needs more history | $198K n=118 |
Integration
| # | Skill | Share of data & AI postings | Postings | Companies | Week over week | Median pay (US) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Fivetran integration | 1.7% | 221 | 165 | needs more history | $188K n=89 | |
| 2 | Airbyte integration | 0.7% | 98 | 69 | needs more history | $175K n=31 | |
| 3 | Informatica integration | 0.6% | 83 | 51 | needs more history | $156K n=23 | |
| 4 | SSIS integration | 0.4% | 57 | 32 | needs more history | $124K n=19 | |
| 5 | Talend integration | 0.3% | 34 | 27 | needs more history | — n=8 | |
| 6 | Matillion integration | 0.2% | 27 | 20 | needs more history | — n=8 |
Language
| # | Skill | Share of data & AI postings | Postings | Companies | Week over week | Median pay (US) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Python language | 65.5% | 8,612 | 2,580 | needs more history | $193K n=2856 | |
| 2 | SQL language | 41.4% | 5,446 | 1,953 | needs more history | $175K n=1782 | |
| 3 | TypeScript / JavaScript language | 11.5% | 1,517 | 768 | needs more history | $200K n=491 | |
| 4 | Java language | 7.5% | 988 | 472 | needs more history | $193K n=323 | |
| 5 | C++ language | 6.4% | 838 | 355 | needs more history | $212K n=335 | |
| 6 | Go language | 5.4% | 714 | 388 | needs more history | $207K n=266 | |
| 7 | R language | 3.4% | 453 | 252 | needs more history | $157K n=187 | |
| 8 | Scala language | 3.2% | 419 | 221 | needs more history | $201K n=108 | |
| 9 | Rust language | 2.4% | 313 | 178 | needs more history | $215K n=113 | |
| 10 | Shell / Bash language | 2.1% | 272 | 159 | needs more history | $170K n=75 |
Ml
| # | Skill | Share of data & AI postings | Postings | Companies | Week over week | Median pay (US) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | PyTorch ml | 14.9% | 1,952 | 850 | needs more history | $215K n=727 | |
| 2 | Deep learning ml | 9.7% | 1,272 | 594 | needs more history | $215K n=500 | |
| 3 | TensorFlow ml | 8.9% | 1,168 | 555 | needs more history | $207K n=415 | |
| 4 | Forecasting / time series ml | 8.5% | 1,120 | 605 | needs more history | $188K n=417 | |
| 5 | CUDA / GPU ml | 7.7% | 1,015 | 439 | needs more history | $230K n=381 | |
| 6 | Recommendation systems ml | 5.9% | 770 | 336 | needs more history | $222K n=255 | |
| 7 | NLP ml | 5.8% | 758 | 421 | needs more history | $200K n=265 | |
| 8 | Computer vision ml | 5.0% | 654 | 300 | needs more history | $205K n=282 | |
| 9 | scikit-learn ml | 4.8% | 629 | 363 | needs more history | $185K n=205 | |
| 10 | Reinforcement learning ml | 3.9% | 514 | 276 | needs more history | $242K n=237 | |
| 11 | JAX ml | 3.0% | 396 | 175 | needs more history | $237K n=144 | |
| 12 | Hugging Face ml | 2.4% | 315 | 203 | needs more history | $216K n=99 | |
| 13 | XGBoost / LightGBM ml | 2.1% | 273 | 162 | needs more history | $200K n=92 | |
| 14 | ONNX ml | 1.1% | 149 | 105 | needs more history | $213K n=48 |
Mlops
| # | Skill | Share of data & AI postings | Postings | Companies | Week over week | Median pay (US) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | MLOps mlops | 12.4% | 1,628 | 851 | needs more history | $205K n=546 | |
| 2 | MLflow mlops | 3.6% | 474 | 274 | needs more history | $200K n=128 | |
| 3 | Feature store mlops | 2.7% | 359 | 244 | needs more history | $210K n=116 | |
| 4 | Amazon SageMaker mlops | 2.5% | 331 | 206 | needs more history | $198K n=109 | |
| 5 | Vertex AI mlops | 2.4% | 312 | 165 | needs more history | $197K n=83 | |
| 6 | Kubeflow mlops | 1.6% | 215 | 125 | needs more history | $182K n=48 | |
| 7 | Azure Machine Learning mlops | 1.6% | 214 | 115 | needs more history | $170K n=56 | |
| 8 | Weights & Biases mlops | 0.8% | 104 | 66 | needs more history | $205K n=38 |
Orchestration
| # | Skill | Share of data & AI postings | Postings | Companies | Week over week | Median pay (US) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Apache Airflow orchestration | 11.5% | 1,516 | 805 | needs more history | $192K n=489 | |
| 2 | Dagster orchestration | 2.6% | 340 | 247 | needs more history | $193K n=144 | |
| 3 | Prefect orchestration | 1.7% | 218 | 158 | needs more history | $191K n=81 | |
| 4 | AWS Step Functions orchestration | 0.5% | 64 | 52 | needs more history | $180K n=25 | |
| 5 | Azure Data Factory orchestration | 0.2% | 26 | 24 | needs more history | $188K n=10 |
Platform
| # | Skill | Share of data & AI postings | Postings | Companies | Week over week | Median pay (US) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Snowflake platform | 13.3% | 1,741 | 882 | needs more history | $184K n=646 | |
| 2 | Databricks platform | 11.3% | 1,482 | 601 | needs more history | $184K n=452 | |
| 3 | BigQuery platform | 8.4% | 1,106 | 576 | needs more history | $176K n=342 | |
| 4 | Amazon Redshift platform | 4.5% | 585 | 377 | needs more history | $175K n=204 | |
| 5 | ClickHouse platform | 1.7% | 228 | 144 | needs more history | $210K n=61 | |
| 6 | Microsoft Fabric platform | 1.0% | 136 | 82 | needs more history | $165K n=32 | |
| 7 | Azure Synapse platform | 0.9% | 115 | 73 | needs more history | $155K n=31 | |
| 8 | Trino / Starburst platform | 0.8% | 106 | 68 | needs more history | $189K n=36 | |
| 9 | Presto platform | 0.4% | 59 | 41 | needs more history | $191K n=23 | |
| 10 | Druid / Pinot platform | 0.3% | 42 | 29 | needs more history | — n=9 | |
| 11 | Teradata platform | 0.1% | 18 | 10 | needs more history | — n=3 |
Processing
| # | Skill | Share of data & AI postings | Postings | Companies | Week over week | Median pay (US) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Apache Spark processing | 11.9% | 1,567 | 699 | needs more history | $194K n=553 | |
| 2 | pandas processing | 4.9% | 641 | 363 | needs more history | $180K n=203 | |
| 3 | PySpark processing | 3.9% | 518 | 253 | needs more history | $168K n=136 | |
| 4 | NumPy processing | 2.9% | 384 | 234 | needs more history | $180K n=113 | |
| 5 | Hadoop / Hive processing | 2.6% | 343 | 164 | needs more history | $184K n=108 | |
| 6 | Apache Flink processing | 2.1% | 274 | 175 | needs more history | $210K n=93 | |
| 7 | Amazon Athena processing | 1.3% | 171 | 114 | needs more history | $184K n=64 | |
| 8 | Amazon EMR processing | 1.1% | 150 | 105 | needs more history | $198K n=50 | |
| 9 | Apache Beam / Dataflow processing | 1.0% | 129 | 74 | needs more history | $175K n=40 | |
| 10 | AWS Glue processing | 0.6% | 82 | 55 | needs more history | $175K n=29 | |
| 11 | Polars processing | 0.4% | 54 | 40 | needs more history | $196K n=18 | |
| 12 | Ray processing | 0.3% | 44 | 34 | needs more history | $210K n=19 | |
| 13 | Dask processing | 0.3% | 40 | 28 | needs more history | $170K n=12 | |
| 14 | Google Dataproc processing | 0.3% | 35 | 27 | needs more history | $169K n=12 |
Streaming
| # | Skill | Share of data & AI postings | Postings | Companies | Week over week | Median pay (US) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Apache Kafka streaming | 7.7% | 1,013 | 534 | needs more history | $200K n=295 | |
| 2 | Amazon Kinesis streaming | 1.4% | 180 | 129 | needs more history | $190K n=57 | |
| 3 | Google Pub/Sub streaming | 1.1% | 140 | 98 | needs more history | $175K n=43 |